Lee primero la afirmación exacta: la prueba debe encajar con TODAS sus partes.
Con tablas, la opción correcta debe ser cierta según los datos Y relevante para la afirmación.
Estrategia paso a paso
Subraya las palabras clave de la afirmación (“más que”, “especialmente”, “pero”).
Comprueba cada número de la opción en la tabla: fila, columna y año.
Trampas habituales
Datos ciertos que no tienen que ver con la afirmación.
Datos de la fila o columna equivocada, o una comparación al revés.
Ejemplo resuelto
Afirmación: “las ventas subieron sobre todo en invierno”. La prueba útil compara la subida del invierno con la de las demás estaciones; el dato del invierno solo no basta.
Preguntas de ejemplo
Intenta responder antes de abrir la solución. Las preguntas están en el idioma del examen.
Pregunta 1
Dificultad fácil≈ 1 min
In Teresa Malvar’s novel Northbound, the narrator, who grew up on a farm, moves to a large city to work in her cousin’s shop. In the early chapters, Malvar shows that the narrator feels out of place in her new surroundings.
Which quotation from Northbound most effectively illustrates the claim?
AA. “My cousin met me at the station holding a borrowed umbrella.”
BB. “The apartment was on the fourth floor, above a shoe repair shop.”
CC. “The streetlights hummed all night, and I missed the crickets.”
DD. “On Sundays, the bakery downstairs sold its bread at half price.”
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: C. “The streetlights hummed all night, and I missed the crickets.”
Explicación
The claim is that the narrator feels out of place in the city. Hearing the streetlights hum all night and missing the crickets of the farm shows that she is not comfortable in her new home.
The other quotations describe her arrival, where the apartment is, and a bakery’s prices; none reveals how she feels.
Pregunta 2
Dificultad media≈ 1 min
Archaeologists excavating an ancient house found a row of small, evenly spaced holes in its floor. They propose that the holes once held the wooden posts of a large upright loom that the household used to weave cloth.
Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the archaeologists’ proposal?
AA. Clay weights of the kind used to hold threads tight on upright looms were found near the holes.
BB. Several other houses from the same period contain similar rows of holes.
CC. The holes are too shallow and too narrow to have supported upright wooden posts large enough for a loom.
DD. The house also contained cooking pots and stone tools for grinding grain.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: C. The holes are too shallow and too narrow to have supported upright wooden posts large enough for a loom.
Explicación
The proposal depends on the holes having held a loom’s wooden posts. If the holes could not have supported posts of that size, the proposal is directly undermined.
Loom weights near the holes would support the proposal, not weaken it. Similar holes in other houses do not show what the holes held and, if anything, fit the idea of a common household loom. Cooking pots and grinding tools are unrelated to the holes.
Pregunta 3
Dificultad difícil≈ 1 min
In 2020 the town of Halvorsen opened a bus line connecting its residential neighborhoods to its downtown, and a local planner credits the bus line with the decline in car traffic in Halvorsen since 2019. A transportation researcher questions that claim, pointing to Pine Ridge, a nearby town of similar size that did not add any bus service during the same period.
Which choice best describes data from the graph that weaken the planner’s claim?
AA. Average daily car trips in Halvorsen fell from 43,000 in 2019 to 38,000 in 2020, the year the bus line opened.
BB. Average daily car trips were higher in Halvorsen than in Pine Ridge in every year from 2018 through 2023.
CC. From 2019 to 2023, average daily car trips fell by 8,000 both in Halvorsen and in Pine Ridge.
DD. Average daily car trips in Pine Ridge rose from 2018 to 2019 and did not change from 2022 to 2023.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: C. From 2019 to 2023, average daily car trips fell by 8,000 both in Halvorsen and in Pine Ridge.
Explicación
If the bus line caused Halvorsen’s decline, a similar town without a bus line should not show the same decline. The third choice shows that Pine Ridge, with no new bus service, had exactly the same drop (8,000 trips) as Halvorsen, which suggests another cause.
The first choice describes Halvorsen’s decline alone, which fits the planner’s claim instead of weakening it. The second choice is accurate but compares the towns’ overall levels, not their changes. The fourth choice is accurate but irrelevant to whether the bus line caused Halvorsen’s decline.