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SAT · Math · Problem-Solving and Data Analysis

Inference from samples and margin of error

Qué se puede concluir de una muestra: muestreo aleatorio, sesgo y margen de error.

Digital SATMathPeso: ≈15 % · 5–7 preguntas
Practicar Inference from samples and margin of error gratis15 preguntas originales de esta destreza, con corrección al instante.

Claves

Estrategia paso a paso

Trampas habituales

Ejemplo resuelto

Encuesta aleatoria: 52 $\%\pm3$ % → es plausible que entre el 49 % y el 55 % de toda la población opine así.

Preguntas de ejemplo

Intenta responder antes de abrir la solución. Las preguntas están en el idioma del examen.

Pregunta 1

Dificultad fácil≈ 1 min

A school has $2{,}400$ students. In a random sample of $400$ of these students, $120$ said they ride a bike to school. Based on the sample, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of students at the school who ride a bike to school?

  1. A. $120$
  2. B. $400$
  3. C. $720$
  4. D. $2{,}280$
Ver respuesta y explicación

Respuesta correcta: C. $720$

Explicación

In the sample, $\frac{120}{400}=30\%$ ride a bike. Because the sample was selected at random, the same proportion is a good estimate for the school: $0.30\cdot 2{,}400=720$ students.

$120$ counts only the students in the sample. $400$ is the sample size. $2{,}280$ subtracts $120$ from the school's total.

Pregunta 2

Dificultad media≈ 1 min

A town has $8{,}000$ households. In a random sample of $250$ of these households, $45$ have a dog. Based on the sample, what is the best estimate of the number of households in the town that have a dog?

Respuesta numérica (escribes el número).

Ver respuesta y explicación

Respuesta: 1440

Explicación

In the sample, $\frac{45}{250}=0.18$, or $18\%$, of the households have a dog. Because the sample is random, estimate the same proportion for the town: $0.18\cdot 8{,}000=1{,}440$ households.

Pregunta 3

Dificultad media≈ 1 min

A school has $3{,}000$ students. In a random sample of $150$ of these students, $42$ said they walk to school. Based on this sample, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of students at the school who walk to school?

  1. A. $42$
  2. B. $420$
  3. C. $840$
  4. D. $1{,}260$
Ver respuesta y explicación

Respuesta correcta: C. $840$

Explicación

In the sample, $\frac{42}{150}=0.28$, or $28\%$, walk to school. Applying this to the whole school: $0.28\times 3{,}000=840$ students.

$42$ is only the number in the sample. $420$ multiplies $42$ by $10$ instead of by $\frac{3{,}000}{150}=20$. $1{,}260$ treats $42$ as a percent: $42\%$ of $3{,}000$.

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Practicar Inference from samples and margin of error gratis15 preguntas originales de esta destreza, con corrección al instante.

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